Intensity Of Lipid Peroxidation Processes Research Articles

Dynamics of hematological and oxidative parameters characterizing the nonspecific resistance of cows under technological stress

The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of biochemical, hormonal and oxidative parameters in the blood of cattle from the point of view of nonspecific resistance of animals under the action of technological stress. Technological stress was accompanied by the entry of cortisol into the blood, a significant intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, a decrease in the activity of the antioxidant system of the blood, and a change in the nonspecific resistance of the animal organism. On day 1 after technological stress, the content of cortisol and the level of DC in the blood increased by 2 times, an increase in MDA and OR, a decrease in catalase and reduced glutathione were observed. The most pronounced changes were recorded on days 3-14 after technological stress. The animals showed neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia and appearance of NEToses on days 3 and 14 after technological stress. On the 3rd day after technological stress, an increase in lysozyme activity of blood serum and a decrease in bactericidal activity were shown. Preservation of reduced indicators of reduced glutathione and lysozyme activity while maintaining cortisol at the upper limit of indicators relative to the initial values was recorded by 30 days in cows after technological stress. The data obtained indicate that the body’s defenses are a dynamic physiological indicator, which must be taken into account as a general resistance of the cattle body to stressors in order to prevent the disruption of the body’s adaptive capabilities.

Активність системи антиоксидантного захисту в організмі молоді коропа за згодовування олії розторопші плямистої

Purpose. Determination of the biological effect of milk thistle oil at different amounts of its introduction into the diet (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) on the antioxidant status of the body of juvenile carp in the conditions of recirculating aquaculture systems. Methodology. For the experimental studies, 4 groups of juvenile carps were formed, 150 individuals in each, with an average weight of 0.012 g, which were kept in 150 dm3 tanks with artificial water aeration. The period of their adaptation to holding conditions lasted 7 days. Over the next 21 days, the fish of the control and experimental groups were fed with compound feed with a protein content of 23%. The daily feed of fish of the experimental groups were additionally supplemented with milk thistle oil at amounts of 0.5 (Experiment I); 1.0 (Experiment II) and 1.5% (Experiment III). The juveniles were fed with the addition of oil three times a day. At the end of the experiment, skeletal muscle samples of juveniles were taken for the biochemical study. The concentration of diene conjugates was studied by the method based on the reaction of the optical density of the heptanisopropanol extract of lipids. Determination of the concentration of TBC-active products was carried out spectrophotometrically by a color reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxidedismutase was determined by the percentage of inhibition of the reduction reaction of nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of phenazine metasulfate. Catalase activity depended on the change in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Protein content was determined by the Bradford method. Processing of experimental results was carried out by the method of variational statistics. A statistically significant difference in obtained values was assessed by the Student’s t-test. Findings. It was found that the main parameters of water quality were within the normal values and the environment during the cultivation of the young-of-the-years was optimal. A positive effect of the use of milk thistle oil on the average weight was noted, which exceeded the average weight of fish of the control group by 3.8; 11.5; 7.8%. The survival rate of the fish of the experimental groups was higher in Experiment II and Experiment III by 7.4; 4.9% relative to the control group. An increase in superoxidedismutase activity was observed in all experimental groups, namely in Experiment I by 20.0%, Experiment II and Experiment III by 55.0% and 57.0% (p<0.01), respectively. At the same time, a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes was observed in all experimental groups of fish. It was found that the addition of 1.0 and 1.5% milk thistle oil to the diet of juvenile carps had a positive effect on productive and biochemical parameters of their body. Originality. For the first time, the optimal norms for the introduction of milk thistle oil into the daily diet of juvenile carps and the effect of feeding this phytosupplement on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of products of lipid peroxidation were determined. Practical value. The obtained results indicate the advisability and effectiveness of using milk thistle oil as a phytoaddition in growing and feeding juvenile carps. Keywords: juvenile carp, milk thistle oil, antioxidant enzymes, content of lipid peroxidation products, weight gain, survival rate.

Dynamics of SOD activity and accumulation of TBA-active products in the process of ontogeny of some sod-forming plants in a megalopolis

In the conditions of a modern metropolis, green spaces are an integral planning structure, which the issues of not only improving the aesthetics of the city's architecture, but also improving the environmental safety of the population are solved. Lawn grasses play a significant role in improving the microclimate of urban areas; the harmful concentration of gases in the air decreases, the regulation of the thermal regime and humidity is observed. Since almost half of the urban area is occupied by sod-forming plants, it is relevant to study the resistance of these species to anthropogenic impact in an urbanized environment. The aim of the work was to assess the state of the antioxidant system, namely the activity of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.11), and the accumulation of TBA-active products in the process of ontogeny of sod-forming plants growing in a metropolis. The objects of the study were Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and Elytrígia répens (L.) Nevski.). It has been established that due to oxidative stress caused by vehicle emissions and industrial aeropollutants, there is an intensification of lipid peroxidation processes in the vegetative organs of Setaria viridis, Elytrigia repens during all phases of ontogeny. According to the results of the research, it was found that Elytrigia repens was more stable in terms of the content of TBA-active products (the level of the indicator in leaves was 30–50 %, roots – 20–44 % higher than the control indices) compared to Setaria viridis, for which the excess was 50–70 % (leaves) and 40–62 % (roots). SOD activity is an indicator of resilience to stressors and varies with the duration and intensity of stressors. The obtained results indicate that the enzyme activity of experimental plants in the generative state (increase in enzyme activity by 47.5–38 % in Elytrigia repens, by 74–62.5 % in Setaria viridis) in contaminated areas was higher than in virginile individuals (SOD activity levels: Elytrigia repens (37.5–26.5 %), Setaria viridis (60–50 %). The presence of close correlations between the activity of SOD and the content of TBA-active products characterizing the adaptive potential of plant organisms in the vegetative organs of the studied species was established.

Clinical and morphological forms of chronic pancreatitis: features of development, diagnosis and treatment

Introduction. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a common disease with a complex pathogenesis, characterized by difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. Purpose of the study. To determine the main pathogenetic links of clinical and morphological forms of CP, markers of disease progression, to develop a diagnostic algorithm and principles of treatment of patients. Material and methods. 210 patients with CP were examined, who were divided into 4 groups: I - obstructive, II - calcifying, III - fibrous-parenchymal, IV – CP, complicated by pseudocyst. Instrumental, functional, morphological, biochemical, immunological, microbiological methods were used. To study the main morphological and biological changes in the pancreas during the development of CP and to study the effectiveness of the proposed treatment, we conducted experimental studies on 45 laboratory white Wistar male rats weighing 180-230 g. Results. Imbalance of the immune system, oxidative stress, toxic-metabolic disorders, and diseases of the biliary system are important in the development of various forms of CP. However, there are differences in the severity of these changes. The most pronounced activity of fibrotic processes in the pancreas is typical for patients with a long course of the disease and in the presence of complications (pseudocyst). The most unfavorable course and prognosis are seen in the calcifying form of CP. The markers of CP progression are the value of the calcification coefficient of 0.5-1.0, the translocation of DNase I from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the acinar cell, the activation of collagen formation, the increase in the level of fibrosis activators (TGF-β1, TNF-a), and the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. An early marker of apoptosis is the translocation of DNase I from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of an acinar cell. Conclusions. The developed diagnostic algorithm allows assessing the pathophysiological features of functional and organic disorders of the pancreas, predicting the course of the disease and choosing the optimal treatment. The proposed treatment of patients with CP effectively reduces the severity of pain and oxidative stress, normalizes the cytokine profile, improves the general condition and quality of life of patients.

The State of Colon Microbiocenosis and Antioxidant Properties of Rat Colonocytes in Environmental Dysbiosis and Use of Probiotic Bifidumbacterin® and Symbiotic Acipol®

INTRODUCTION: The microbial community of the colon is a single microecological system which quickly responds to the exposure to external and internal factors with quantitative and qualitative changes with the result of development of the condition termed dysbiosis. The changes in the composition of colon microbiocenosis can lead to a number of diseases and to the development of immunopathological and allergic conditions.
 AIM: To evaluate the state of the colon microbiocenosis and antioxidant properties of rats’ colonocytes against a background environmental dysbiosis and the use of probiotic Bifidumbacterin® and symbiotic Acipol®.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the experiment, intoxication in rats was modeled with the fungicide Thiram® (dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate, 1.6 mg per animal of 200 g mass) for 28 days, which led to the development of environmental dysbiosis. The detected changes were subsequently corrected within 21 days with the probiotic Bifidumbacterin® (0.14 ml per animal of 200 g mass) and the symbiotic Acipol® (0.08 ml per animal of 200 g mass). The composition of the microflora of colon mucosa of rats was studied using a bacteriological method. The activity of antioxidant protection enzymes of colonocytes was studied by the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The condition of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the content of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde.
 RESULTS: In introduction of Thiram®, reduction of the amount of obligate and opportunistic representatives of colon microbiocenosis was noted, as well as intensification of lipid peroxidation processes in the conditions of weakening of antioxidant protection in colonocytes. Application of Bifidumbacterin® and Acipol® resulted in increase in the amount of obligate bacteria and decrease in the content of opportunists of the colon microbiota with the strongest effect of Acipol® on the values of the determined parameters. When studying changes in biochemical parameters in animal colonocytes, both drugs were found to contribute to the normalization of the content of malondialdehyde in the colon tissue, besides, Acipol® led to a decrease in the concentration of diene conjugates in colonocytes.
 CONCLUSION: Introduction of Thiram® in all the specified periods affected the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota and biochemical parameters in the colonocytes of the animals. The use of Bifidumbacterin® and Acipol® preparations resulted in the restoration of the qualitative and quantitative composition of colonic microorganisms, and also had a positive effect on the content of lipid peroxidation products in colonocytes, but more efficient was found to be Acipol® symbiotic.

Survival rates and pro-oxidant-antioxidant systems of germinated Yakutian plant seeds pretreated with super-weak constant magnetic fields of different flux densities

The aim of this study was to identify physiological and biochemical changes in seedlings of wild plants of Yakutia, grown from seeds, which have received a pre-sowing, super-weak constant magnetic field treatment of different magnetic flux densities. Review of literature sources allows us to conclude that the weak effects of low-intensity fields (nonthermal character) have not been studied sufficiently so far. The study was conducted on seeds from 14 different species of wild plants native to Yakutia. The seeds were subjected to different magnetic flux strengths of 0.2–4.0 mT for 24 hours and then were germinated on filter paper. The criterion for evaluating the effect of the super-weak constant magnetic field was the formation of a true leaf in seedlings (survival rate). The intensity of lipid peroxidation processes was recorded as a pro-oxidant reaction. The total content of low molecular weight antioxidants was determined as an example of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system. The activity of an antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, was determined. The effects of the super-weak constant magnetic fields were evaluated using regression and statistical methods. Based on the working hypothesis is that the formation of the present leaf is dependent on changes in the pro-oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium in the cells of the seedlings as a result of the action on them by the super-weak constant magnetic field as a function of the magnetic flux density. We showed that the survival rate of seedlings grown from the seeds pre-treated by super-weak constant magnetic fields of different magnetic flux density for 24 hours leads to the activation of lipid peroxidation and depends on the adaptation processes of antioxidant systems (the sum of low-molecular antioxidants and superoxide dismutase activity): simple compensation or hypercompensation. In the second case, the action of super-weak constant magnetic fields leads to an increase in the survival rate of seedlings by the criterion of the formation of the true leaf. The study is of significance for specialists in magneto-biology and researchers of plant antioxidant systems.

Стан прооксидантної та антиоксидантної систем організму щурів за умов однократної дії деяких метильних похідних N-оксид піридину – Івіну і Потейтіну

АBSTRACT. Previously, it was shown that pyridine N-oxide based plant growth regulators (PGR) Ivin and Poteitin when combined with pesticides reduce the acute and subchronic toxicity of pesticides for mammals, have a hepatoprotective effect, contribute to the reduction of mutagenic activity, in particular, of Cyclophosphane and Dioxidin cytostatics (Vasetska O.P., 2017, Vasetska O.P. et al., 2020, 2021). It is possible that a wide range of their biological effects may be associated with the activation of the body’s protective systems, in particular the antioxidant system. The effect of these PGRs on the state of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems is not sufficiently clarified. Therefore, an important issue for preventive toxicology is the study of the nature of the effect of PGR on the state of the body’s pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems, which will contribute to the development of preventive measures to preclude acute and chronic intoxications with pesticides. Aim. To find out the state of the body’s pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems under a single oral exposure to some plant growth regulators –pyridine N-oxide methyl derivatives. Materials and Methods. For the aim of this research we used PGR 2.6-dimethyl- pyridine N-oxide (Ivin) and a complex of 2.6- dimethylpyridine-N-oxide with succinic acid (Poteitin). PGR in the form of an aqueous solution was administered to male Wistar Han rats orally with a probe: Ivin at doses of 650 mg/kg (1/2 LD50) and 13 mg/kg (1/100 LD50), Poteitin – at doses of 1150 mg/kg (1/2 LD50) and 23 mg/kg (1/100 LD50). The influence of Ivin and Poteitin on the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant system under a single oral exposure to the body of male rats was determined on days 1, 3, and 7. LPO in liver tissues was determined by the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes (KD), conjugated trienes (CT) and Schiff bases (SB). MDA level was determined by the reaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid, DC, KD, CT, and SB in liver tissues – by the extraction-spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant status of the body was assessed by the activity of the catalase enzymes (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant activity (AOA). The results of the research were estimated by standard methods of variational statistics according to Student’s t-test criterion. Results. It was established that Ivin in the researched doses in the heptane fraction reduces the LPO intensity (containing MDA, DC, SB) in the liver tissues of rats, in the isopropanol fraction – DC; increases the activity of catalase and total AOA in blood serum. Poteitin in the tested doses in the heptane fraction reduces the formation of lipid products (containing MDA, DC, KD and CT) in the liver tissues of rats, in the isopropanol fraction – DC; increases the activity of catalase and the content of GSH, total AOA. Both substances do not disrupt the glutathione system. Compared to Ivin, Poteitin has a more pronounced effect on the intensity of LPO and the activity of the antioxidant system. Conclusions. 1. Plant growth regulators Ivin and Poteitin, at a single exposure to the body of male rats in doses corresponding to 1/2 and 1/100 LD50, reduce pro-oxidant activity, do not disrupt the glutathione system, increase the activity of the antioxidant system. 2. Increase in the activity of the antioxidant system and inhibition of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes both under the influence of Ivin and Poteitin are aimed at adapting the body to the chemical factor. 3. Activation of the antioxidant system together with a decrease in the intensity of LPO can be one of the mechanisms of protection of the body from the toxic effects of pesticides when they are simultaneously introduced into the body with plant growth regulators based on methyl derivatives of pyridine N-oxide. Key words: plant growth regulators, Ivin, Poteitin, prooxidant and antioxidant systems.

Parameters of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense in patients with cervical cancer before and after radical surgical treatment

Purpose of the study. To analyse free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense in patients diagnosed with early cervical cancer (CC) before and after radical surgical treatment.Patients and methods. Levels of diene conjugates, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione, glutathione- dependent enzymes, vitamins A and E were determined in 74 women under the age of 45 (48 patients those who were at the stage of surgical treatment with a diagnosis of CC at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period 2017–2020 and 26 healthy women).Results. Patients with early CC showed significant changes in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and in antioxidant defense: elevate levels of MDA and diene conjugates, initial decline in the activity of SOD and catalase, low levels of vitamins A and E. These results complete the understanding of the processes occurring in the body of an oncological patient at the initial stage of tumor formation, which does not yet have an obvious clinical manifestation. After total removal of the ovaries, most of the indicators characterizing the enzymatic link of the antioxidant system tend to normalize, while the violation of the content of vitamins E and A (related to the non-enzymatic link of the antioxidant system) worsens.Conclusions. Desynchronization of free radical oxidation processes with multidirectional changes in oxidation and antioxidation in patients with early CC at the stage of radical surgical treatment should be considered from the position of hormone‑ reducing surgery and a resulting complex of changes in the organs and systems of women with cancer.

Substantiation of the choice of the model for the formation of oxidative stress in preclinical studies

At the preclinical stage, a comparative assessment of various models of the formation of oxidative stress by exposure to high and low temperatures, ultraviolet irradiation, and the influence of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field was carried out. Exposure to laboratory animals was carried out daily for 21 days. It has been established that the modeling of oxidative stress by exposure to ultraviolet rays on rats allows, by the end of the first week of the experiment, to induce an increase in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes with the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products by 48-61% and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant components by 31-33% in comparison with the control, which exceeds similar parameters on day 7 in models of hypothermia, hyperthermia and magnetic induction. Cold exposure in rats is accompanied by a more pronounced shift in the antioxidant status towards the prooxidant side by the end of the third week, which is confirmed by an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products by 45-67% and a decrease in the level of components of the antioxidant system by 28-37% relative to the control. In general, the prooxidant effect in vivo of all the studied effects was confirmed, which we recommend as experimental models for the formation of oxidative stress at the preclinical stage, substantiating in the work the possibility of using each effect depending on the purpose of the pharmacological study.

The role of iNOS inhibition in the mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of new GABA and glutamic acid derivatives in the model of acute alcoholic myocardial injury in rats.

The cardioprotective effects of new derivatives of glutamic acid (glufimet) and GABA (mefargin) were studied in rats exposed to acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) under conditions of selective blockade of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS). AAI induced a pronounced decrease in the contractile function of the myocardium during exercise tests (load by volume, test for adrenoreactivity, isometric exercise), caused mitochondrial dysfunction and increased processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in heart cells. A decrease in NO production during iNOS inhibition and AAI improved the respiratory function of mitochondria, a decreased the level of LPO products, and increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity of heart cells. This led to an increase in myocardial contractility. The studied compounds, glufimet and mefargin, caused a statistically significant increase in the rates of myocardial contraction and relaxation, left ventricular pressure, and also reduced NO production. This was accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of LPO processes and an increase in the respiratory control ratio (RCR), reflecting the coupling between respiration and phosphorylation processes during activation of the respiratory chain complexes I and II. The decrease in NO concentration during selective blockade of iNOS and administration of the studied substances was less pronounced than without blockade of the enzyme. This suggests the putative effect of new derivatives of neuroactive amino acids on the NO system.

Агрохимические аспекты применения медьсодержащих наноструктур: влияние на рост и развитие растений, антибактериальный эффект (обзор)

Copper is an essential trace element for plant organisms, but in high concentrations it can be toxic to plants. Copper nanoparticles (NPs) are less toxic, and their use in plant treatment appears to be safer, more effective, and more economical than copper salts. The mini-review provides basic information about the mechanisms of action of copper-containing NPs on the plant organism and provides examples of research in this area. The main directions of influence of copper-containing NPs on plants are the processes of growth and development of the plant organism (organogenesis, mitosis, biomass accumulation), biochemical processes (the intensity of photosynthesis, antioxidant status and the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes), the effect on gene expression in the cell, the effect on plant resistance abiotic and biotic stress factors. The promise of using copper NPs as mineral fertilizers has been shown by stimulating seed germination, plant growth and development, and increasing plant resistance to stress factors under the influence of copper NPs. The protective effect of copper-containing NPs is often explained by their antioxidant activity. At the same time, there are a number of studies demonstrating the negative impact of copper-containing NPs on the growth and development of plants and the intensity of photosynthesis. The second part of the article is devoted to a description of the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of copper-containing NPs. The antibacterial effect of copper-containing NPs is associated with the attachment of copper NPs to the surface of the bacterial cell with subsequent disruption of the membrane potential, which further leads to the development of oxidative stress and damage to vital biomolecules. Copper-containing NPs have a pronounced antibacterial effect against bacterial phytopathogens of cultivated plants Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Erwinia amylovora, as well as against a number of bacteria pathogenic to humans and animals. Thus, copper NPs are promising agents for agriculture, but their effect on plants requires careful selection of optimal concentrations and comprehensive studies to avoid toxic effects.

Correction of the degree of endogenic intoxication and lipoproxidation processes by the infusion drug (rheoambrasol) with experimental hypoxia, induced by sodium nitrite

Rationale (relevance): Almost all known diseases, as a rule, are accompanied by a hypoxic state associated primarily with oxygen deficiency and impaired energy metabolism, which cause damage to the structure and functioning of organs and cells. Using a complex of a polysaccharide with a bioenergetic substrate, a blood-substituting infusion drug"Rheoambrasol" has been developed, which is able to protect cells from free radical oxidation and restore disturbed energy metabolism in cells during hypoxia. Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of correction of the hypoxia-inducible factor - HIF-1α, endogenous intoxication, the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the liver during experimental nitrite hypoxia with the new blood-substituting infusion drug "Rheoambrasol". Material and methods. The setting of the experimental hypoxia model was carried out in outbred male rats weighing 185 ± 10.2 g by administering sodium nitrite at a dose of 90 mg / kg. In the blood plasma of experimental animals, the content of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), indicators of endogenous intoxication, the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes systems (AOS) were determined in the liver. 

Effect of gliprolines on lipid peroxidation rate in male rats’ immunocompetent organs under conditions of information stress

Introduction. The study of various aspects of the stress-reactivity of the body’s immune system, along with the search for correction tools characterized by immunoregulatory properties, is one of the most relevant areas of physiology and pharmacology. Currently, neuropeptides belonging to the group of glурrоlins (the registered drug “sеlаnk” and the new compounds Рro-Glу-Рro-Leu and Рro-Glу-Рro) are of particular interest in practical application as promising bioregulators, in particular their effects on the processes of free radical oxidation, as well as the ability to restore changes from the immune system, including those formed in response to stress.The aim of the study: was to study the effect of glурrоlins on the intensity of lipid peroxidation, catalase activity in the spleen and thymus of male rats under experimental information stress.Material and methods. The study was performed on white nonlinear male rats on which the model of information stress, based on the formation of behavior in animals in a multi-alternative food-producing maze, was reproduced for 20 days. The initial content of malondialdehyde, the rate of spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation were determined by standard spectrophotometric methods, and the activity of catalase in the homogenate of the thymus and spleen of experimental animals was evaluated.Results. Under the studied stress conditions, an increase in peroxidation processes was noted. Against the background of the introduction of sеlаnk, Рro-Glу-Рro and Рro-Glу-Рro-Leu, the suppression of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the homogenates of the spleen and thymus tissue of male rats was established (a decrease in the initial level, the rate of spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation).Conclusions. Injection of neuropeptides belonging to the group of glyprolins (sеlаnk, Рro-Glу-Рro-Leu and Рro-Glу-Рro) under informational stress conditions contributes to the suppression of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, which indicates the stress-protective and immunocorrective effect of the studied substances.

Influence of Physiological Donor of Nitric Oxide on Blood Serum Crystallostasis in Rats

The aim of the work was to study the effect of intraperitoneal administration of dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione ligands on the initiated crystallogenesis of rat blood serum. The experiment was performed on 70 male Wistar rats divided into 7 equal groups. The first group of animals was intact (without any manipulation). Rats included in the other groups were administered intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml. 0.9% sodium chloride solution daily for 10 days. At the same time, animals of the third to sixth groups were additionally added to the injected solution with dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione ligands (the concentration of the agent was 0.15; 0.30; 0.45 and 0.60 mM, respectively). The rats of the seventh group received 1 ml. an aqueous solution of glutathione (0.15 mM). The study of the effect of DNIC on the crystallogenic properties of rat blood serum was carried out by the method of comparative tezioraphy using a special system of criteria. The data obtained as a result of this study indicate the presence of modification of the crystallogenic (initiating) properties of rat blood serum during the course intraperitoneal administration of a physiological donor of nitric oxide to animals – DNIC, and this effect turns out to be dose-dependent and having an extremum in the region of 0.3-0.45 mM. Taking into account the fact that the crystallogenic properties are a reflection of the component composition and one of the physico-chemical parameters of the biological fluid, it can be assumed that the metabolic response of the body to the use of the compound is also dose-dependent. At the same time, relatively low doses of the agent have the most optimal effect on metabolic processes, stimulating the antioxidant potential of blood serum with a corresponding decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, contributing to the optimization of energy metabolism and increasing the activity of detoxification enzyme systems. The results of the teziographic evaluation of animal blood serum samples after a course of injections of DNIC in various concentrations clearly indicate the activating effect of the compound with respect to the crystallogenic (initiating) properties of biological fluid, which is most pronounced when using the substance in 0.3- and 0.45-millimolar aqueous solutions.

Biomarkers of oxidative stress, metabolic processes, and lysosomal activity in the muscle tissue of the great tit (Parus major) living in sodium industry and agricultural areas in Inowrocław region (central part of northern Poland)

An region of ecological hazard (EHR) is an area where, as a result of intensive human economic activity, degradation of components of the natural environment has taken place, leading to the deterioration of the ecological balance. EHR management is a globalised ever-increasing challenge. To eliminate the hazardous effect of these pollutants, research has been accelerated worldwide. The current study analyzed the specific biomarkers of the lipid and protein oxidation, total antioxidative status, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase), lysosomal enzymes (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase), and biomarkers of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways (activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate and pyruvate levels) in skeletal muscle tissue of wild great tit nestlings in environments with different levels of anthropogenic pressure such as sodium industry and agriculture in the central part of northern Poland (Inowrocław EHR). Control samples were collected from Tuchola Forest and Borkowo village, where no direct sources of contamination were found. The relevance of the study was to assess the changes in lysosomal functioning caused by pollution-induced oxidative stress that may indicate multidirectional adaptative mechanisms of metabolic processes occurring in the wild birds to compensate for the negative effects of contamination. It was shown that the initiation of oxidative stress caused by anthropogenic pollution shifted the balance of the normal functioning of lysosomal enzymes towards their increased activity. A general tendency towards an increase in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes with an increasing level of oxidatively modified proteins (aldehydic and ketonic derivatives) and a simultaneous reduction in the TAS was observed in the muscle tissue of great tits living in the anthropogenically modified areas. The intensity of lipid peroxidation and protein damage caused changes and reorganization of the energy-related metabolic pathways in the muscle tissue of wild great tits living in the sodium industry and agricultural areas of the EHR.

Influence of phytopathogens on the content of plastid pigments and the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the leaves of woody plants

Influence of phytopathogens on the content of plastid pigments and the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the leaves of woody plants

MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOBIOCHEMICAL BLOOD STATUS IN COWS DURING THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS USING AN ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG

The article presents the material on studying the morphobiochemical blood status of cows in the complex therapy of chronic endometritis. It has been established that the use of general stimulant (biostimulgin subcutaneously with a 48-hour interval at a dose of 25.0 ml/animal), symptomatic (uteroton three times with a 24-hour interval at a dose of 10.0 ml/animal) drugs and a new antimicrobial drug (intrauterine 1-2 times with a 24-hour interval at a dose of 20.0 ml/animal) is accompanied by the normalization of inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs, lipid metabolism, liver function, activation of the cellular and humoral link of nonspecific resistance of the organism, the antioxidant system, a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, predominance of anti-inflammatory processes over pro-inflammatory ones.

Impact of dietary supplements based on L-carnitine on free-radical processes in model systems

Introduction. According to the results of numerous studies and meta-analyses, the effectiveness of male infertility therapy with micronutrients-antioxidants in various variants remains low, especially concerning the increase in live-birth rates and the incidence of clinical pregnancy. This may be due to both the empirical nature of such therapy with an imbalance of ejaculate redox systems, and an overdose of individual ingredients of antioxidant complexes.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of complex preparation based on L-carnitine for the treatment of male infertility in an experimental model system.Materials and methods. The dietary supplements «AndroDoz®» («Nizhfarm» JSC, Russian Federation) and «Proxeed® plus» (Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc., Italy) were tested. The antioxidant properties of the preparations were determined in vitro by recording chemiluminescence in model systems generating reactive oxygen species using the «LKB-Wallac 1256 chemiluminometer» (Wallac Oy/PerkinElmer®, Finland). Chemiluminescence was evaluated by the light sum and the maximum amplitude of the glow, the antioxidant activity in the biological environment was studied when adding drugs to chicken yolk lipids similar to blood lipoprotein complexes.Results. The introduction of «AndroDoz®» and «Proxeed® plus» into the incubation medium in an amount comparable to the physiological level of L-carnitine in seminal plasma, inhibited the luminescence of the model system. At the same time, if «Proxeed® plus» almost completely inhibited the formation of radicals, then an equivalent dose of «AndroDoz®» reduced the intensity of chemiluminescence by 60%. Approximately in the same proportions, the preparations suppressed the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in a model system with lipoprotein complexes similar to blood lipids, that is, the antioxidant activity was preserved in the biological environment. A decrease in the value of the chemiluminescence light sum was also found against the background of the use of these dietary supplements, which may indicate their protective effect on biological membranes, including subcellular structures of spermatozoa.Conclusion. The combined dietary supplements used in the study have a high antioxidant potential. The preparation «Proxeed® plus» can completely suppress the processes of lipoperoxidation with the possible development of a deficiency of free radicals that provide vital processes. The preparation «AndroDoz®» has a milder effect on free-radical phenomena probably due to a lower content of active ingredients and a balanced composition, which reduces the risk of complications in the form of an «antioxidant paradox» or reductive stress.

The level of products of lipid peroxidation in the blood of piglets at the action feed additive “Sylimevit”

Intensive pig breeding has been reported in the literature to suggest that early weaning of piglets from sows is an extreme stimulus that reduces the protective and adaptive responses of piglets. That is why the aim of the study was to study the effect of the feed additive “Sylimevit” on the level of lipid peroxidation products of piglets after weaning. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental in the amount of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the principle of analogs – age, breed and body weight. During the weaning period, the piglets were kept under the sow in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from the age of 5 days – free access to concentrated feed. While feeding of animals was carried out in accordance with the norms for a given age of pigs. Prior to the study, a clinical and physiological examination of the piglets was performed. Their general condition and activity when eating food were taken into account. On the 28th day of life, the piglets were weaned from the sow and regrouped from different nests in order to be further maintained during the period of fattening and rearing with a change in the structure of the diet, which served as technological stress for the animals. From the age of 5 days, piglets of all groups were fed pre-starter feed. Piglets of the experimental group, from 21 to 40 days of age, were additionally fed the feed supplement “Sylimevit” at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day. The technological stress of weaning piglets from sows is accompanied by a gradual probable intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. Feeding Sylimevit feed to piglets after weaning helped to reduce the content of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation: lipid hydroperoxides – by 52 % (P < 0.001) and TBA-active products – by 22.5 % (P < 0.01). Thus, feeding the piglets of the experimental group of the feed additive “Sylimevit” helped to suppress the processes of lipid peroxidation in animals. Thus, the results of the use of feed additive “Sylimevit” in weaned piglets showed a pronounced antioxidant effect. The components of the feed additive directly interacted with reactive oxygen species and free radicals, preventing the development of oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress in moss Bryum caespiticium (Bryaceae) under the influence of high temperature and light intensity in a technogenically transformed environment

Mosses are pioneer plants in post-technogenic areas. Therefore, the question of adaptive reactions of mosses from these habitats represents a scientific interest. The research is devoted to the study of adaptive changes in the metabolism of the dominant moss species Bryum caespiticium Hedw., collected in the devastated territories of the Novoyavorivsk State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) “Sirka (Sulfur)” exposed to hyperthermia and insolation, which cause oxidative stress in plants. The influence of these stressors on the activity and thermal stability of antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide content, anion radical generation and accumulation of prooxidant components in moss shoots was studied. The activity and thermal stability of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed forB. caespiticium moss from different locations of northern exposure at the sulfur mining dump No 1 in summer and autumn. We established the dependence of the activity of antioxidant enzymes of moss on the intensity of light and temperature on the experimental plots of the dump No 1. In summer, the highest activity and thermal stability rates of peroxidase and SOD were observed. Under the conditions of the experiment in shoots of В. caespiticium from the northern peak of the dump under the influence of 2 hours temperature action (+ 42 ºС) the most significant increase in peroxidase activity was found by 1.78 times and SOD by 1.89 times, as well as increase in its thermal stability by 1.35–1.42 times, respectively. The increase in peroxidase and SOD activity, as well as the increase in their thermal stability caused by hyperthermia were negated by pre-processing with a protein biosynthesis inhibitor cyclohexamide, which may indicate the participation of the protein-synthesizing system in this process. The effect of increasing the thermal stability of enzymes can be considered as a mechanism of adaptation of the protein-synthesizing system to the action of high temperatures. Increase in the activity and thermal stability of antioxidant enzymes is caused primarily by changes in the expression of stress protein genes, which control the synthesis of specific adaptogens and protectors. The obtained results indicate that the extreme conditions of the anthropogenically transformed environment contribute to the development of forms with the highest potential abilities. The mechanism of action of high temperatures is associated with the development of oxidative stress, which is manifested in the intensification of lipid peroxidation and the generation of superoxide anion radical. It was found that temperature stress and high insolation caused an increased generation of superoxide anion radical as the main inducers of protective reactions in the samples of B. caespiticium from the experimental transect of the sulfur mining heap. It is known that the synthesis of Н2О2 occurs under stress and is a signal to start a number of molecular, biochemical and physiological processes of cells, including adaptation of plants to extreme temperatures. It is shown that high temperatures initiate the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, including Н2О2, under the action of extreme temperatures, can cause the activation of signaling systems. Therefore, the increase in the content of Н2О2 as a signaling mediator is a component of the antioxidant protection system. It is determined that adaptive restructuring of the metabolism of the moss В. caespiticium is associated with the accumulation of signaling prooxidant components (diene and triene conjugates and dienketones). The increase in primary lipid peroxidation products, detected by us, under the action of hyperthermia may indicate the intensification of free radical oxidation under adverse climatic conditions in the area of the sulfur production dump, which leads to the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. The accumulation of radical and molecular lipid peroxidation products are signals for the activation of protective systems, activators of gene expression and processes that lead to increased resistance of plants.